Resisting Jim Crow: The Autobiography of Dr. John A. McFall

John McFall was born 15 years after Emancipation. He was the first of eleven children born to a freed couple in Charleston, South Carolina. He entered the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy before completing high school. After obtaining a Doctor of Pharmacy (P.D.) with honors in 1899, he returned to Charleston and opened a drugstore. Dr. McFall had grown up in a Charleston that had been racially tolerant. He now witnessed Charleston evolve into a city of Jim Crow — Blacks no longer having rights of full citizenship and encountering daily humiliations. For four decades, Dr. McFall pioneered activities to resist Jim Crow and improve education, health care and political rights of Blacks.